Blood pressure is called blood pressure, which exists inside the arteries (blood pressure) inside the capillaries (capillary pressure) and inside the veins (venous pressure). Blood pressure provides the movement of blood through the circulatory system of the organism, while ensuring the implementation of metabolic processes.
The level of arterial pressure is determined by the force of contractions of the heart muscle (myocardium) and the amount of blood that is ejected at the time of the heart contractions. In addition, there are several factors that influence the level of arterial pressure. Along with the number of blood circulating in the body, they are also occurring during breathing pressure abdominal and thoracic cavities, and blood parameters such as its viscosity.
The maximum level of blood pressure achieved during the reduction of the left ventricle of the heart, at this time the heart pumps the blood stream to 70 ml of blood. Such a large number of its right to pass through the thin blood vessels can not. That is a stretch of the aorta, which in turn causes the blood pressure inside it. This is called systolic pressure. Normal systolic pressure can vary between 100-140 mm Hg.
During the pause between the ventricular wall of the aorta and large arteries and in turn begin to decline, pushing the blood in the smaller blood vessels (capillaries). Blood pressure, which is formed in this case, is called the diastolic. At this time the level of blood pressure is gradually lowered and reaches its minimum value at 70-80 mm Hg. Changes between systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) levels of blood pressure cause the heart rate of man.
Indicators of blood pressure in blood vessels of the lower, the farther they are from the vessels of the heart. This feature of the circulatory system can cause a phenomenon where the lower and upper hollow vein blood pressure can reach negative values. That is why the veins of pressure measurement is not performed.
Determining the level of blood pressure produced by a special device – sphygmomanometer. Hand winded cuff above the elbow of the device, which is then pumped into the air by a rubber bulb. After that, the air is gradually released from the cuffs, while fixing the upper and lower levels of blood pressure.
The special role of mechanical energy for the functions of blood as a universal mediator in the exchange of matter and energy in the body (as well as between the organism and habitat) determines the value of blood pressure for the life of the organism.
A stable source of energy supply of the transport function of blood, which operates during diastole of the heart, blood pressure produced a quantity of mechanical energy generated by the heart only during systole. In addition to the transport function of blood, this source provides a flow of the processes that ensure continuity of metabolism and energy in the body, as well as functions of various organs and systems of humeral factors carried by the circulating blood. Such processes include the diffusion of gases and filtration processes in the capillary bed.
It is recommended to periodically measure the level of their blood pressure. If his figures are lower than 140/90, it speaks of a normal blood pressure. If at least one, and especially both indicators, are above these values, this indicates the presence of hypertension, which is one of the most common diseases of the modern world. The main feature of this disease is high blood pressure.
Following table will help you out to measure the level of blood pressure